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Course Outline

I. Introduction and Preliminaries

1. Course Overview

  • Enhancing R's accessibility: Interfaces and available GUIs
  • Introduction to RStudio
  • Complementary software and documentation resources
  • The relationship between R and statistics
  • Interactive use of R
  • Overview of an introductory session
  • Accessing help for functions and features
  • R command syntax, case sensitivity, and related conventions
  • Reviewing and correcting previous commands
  • Running commands from files and redirecting output
  • Managing data persistence and object removal
  • Best practices in programming: Creating self-contained, readable scripts, using structured formats, documentation, and markdown
  • Installing packages: Navigating CRAN and Bioconductor

2. Importing Data

  • Text files (using read.delim)
  • CSV files

3. Basic Manipulations: Numbers, Vectors, and Arrays

  • Defining vectors and assignment operations
  • Vector arithmetic
  • Creating regular sequences
  • Logical vectors
  • Handling missing values
  • Character vectors
  • Index vectors: Selecting and modifying data subsets
    • Working with arrays
  • Array indexing and accessing subsections
  • Using index matrices
  • The array() function and basic array operations (e.g., multiplication, transposition)
  • Other object types

4. Lists and Data Frames

  • Understanding lists
  • Building and modifying lists
    • Concatenating lists
  • Working with data frames
    • Creating data frames
    • Interacting with data frames
    • Attaching arbitrary lists
    • Managing the search path

5. Data Manipulation Techniques

  • Selecting and subsetting observations and variables
  • Filtering and grouping data
  • Recoding and data transformations
  • Aggregation and combining datasets
  • Creating partitioned matrices using cbind() and rbind()
  • Using the concatenation function with arrays
  • String manipulation using the stringr package
  • Introduction to grep and regexpr

6. Advanced Data Import Methods

  • Working with XLS and XLSX files
  • Utilizing readr and readxl packages
  • Importing data from SPSS, SAS, Stata, and other formats
  • Exporting data to TXT, CSV, and other formats

7. Grouping, Loops, and Conditional Execution

  • Grouped expressions
  • Control statements
  • Conditional execution: if statements
  • Iterative execution: for loops, repeat, and while loops
  • Introduction to apply, lapply, sapply, and tapply functions

8. Creating Functions in R

  • Defining custom functions
  • Optional arguments and default values
  • Handling variable numbers of arguments
  • Understanding scope and its implications

9. Basic Graphics in R

  • Generating graphs
  • Density plots
  • Dot plots
  • Bar plots
  • Line charts
  • Pie charts
  • Boxplots
  • Scatter plots
  • Combining multiple plots

II. Statistical Analysis in R

1. Probability Distributions

  • Utilizing R as a set of statistical tables
  • Examining the distribution of data sets

2. Hypothesis Testing

  • Tests concerning a Population Mean
  • Likelihood Ratio Test
  • One-sample and two-sample tests
  • Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
  • Kolmogorov-Smirnov One-Sample Statistic
  • Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
  • Two-Sample Test
  • Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
  • Mann-Whitney Test
  • Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

3. Multiple Hypothesis Testing

  • Understanding Type I Error and False Discovery Rate (FDR)
  • ROC curves and AUC metrics
  • Multiple testing procedures (Benjamini-Hochberg, Bonferroni, etc.)

4. Linear Regression Models

  • Generic functions for extracting model information
  • Updating fitted models
  • Generalized linear models
    • Model families
    • The glm() function
  • Classification techniques
    • Logistic Regression
    • Linear Discriminant Analysis
  • Unsupervised learning methods
    • Principal Components Analysis
    • Clustering Methods (k-means, hierarchical clustering, k-medoids)

5. Survival Analysis (using the survival package)

  • Understanding survival objects in R
  • Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank tests, and parametric regression
  • Calculating confidence bands
  • Analysis of censored (interval censored) data
  • Cox Proportional Hazards models with constant covariates
  • Cox Proportional Hazards models with time-dependent covariates
  • Simulation for model comparison

6. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

  • One-Way ANOVA
  • Two-Way Classification ANOVA
  • Multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA)

III. Applied Problems in Bioinformatics

  • Short introduction to the limma package
  • Workflow for microarray data analysis
  • Downloading data from GEO: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE1397
  • Data processing steps: Quality control, normalization, and differential expression analysis
  • Creating and interpreting volcano plots
  • Clustering examples and generating heatmaps
 28 Hours

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