OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access controls enforce policies that ensure users operate only within their permitted boundaries. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions beyond the user's authorized limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These involve breakdowns or compromises in the processes of building, distributing, or updating software. They often stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or other system dependencies.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Ideally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Modern CPUs now handle performance hurdles through instructions that accelerate encryption (such as AES support) and simplify private key and certificate management via services like LetsEncrypt.org, with major cloud vendors offering tightly integrated certificate services. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is crucial to identify data that requires encryption at rest and additional encryption in transit at the application layer (OSI layer 7). Data such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets demands extra protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards such as PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability allows attackers to insert malicious code or commands (e.g., SQL or shell code) into a program's input fields, deceiving the system into executing them as legitimate system commands. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design encompasses various weaknesses characterized by "missing or ineffective control design." It is distinct from other Top Ten risks. There is a clear difference between insecure design and insecure implementation; they have different root causes, occur at different stages of development, and require different remediations. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. However, an insecure design cannot be corrected by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never established to defend against specific attacks. A key factor contributing to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling during development, leading to an inability to determine the required security design level.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully deceives a system into accepting an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures involve code and infrastructure that fail to protect against treating invalid or untrusted code/data as trusted. For instance, applications relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources or Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are at risk. An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking integrity checks can introduce unauthorized access risks, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example involves CI/CD pipelines that retrieve code or artifacts from untrusted locations without verifying them (e.g., via signatures) before use.

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches go undetected. Without alerting mechanisms, responding quickly and effectively to security incidents becomes challenging. Insufficient logging, monitoring, detection, and alerting occur whenever these elements are neglected.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This happens when software fails to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, resulting in crashes, unexpected behavior, and potential vulnerabilities. This can involve three types of failures: the application fails to prevent the situation, fails to identify it as it occurs, and/or responds poorly or not at all afterward.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- We'll explore design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, like improper input validation
- We'll study strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, like multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early