Oracle SQL for beginners Training Course

Relational database models

• Understanding the architecture of relational databases
• Types of relationships between tables
• Database normalization and denormalization techniques
• Relational operators

Retrieving data

• Best practices for constructing SQL queries
• SELECT statement syntax
• Retrieving all columns
• Performing arithmetic operations in queries
• Column aliases
• Literals
• The concatenation operator

Filtering results

• Using the WHERE clause
• Comparison operators
• The LIKE condition
• The BETWEEN ... AND condition
• The IS NULL condition
• The IN condition
• Logical operators: AND, OR, and NOT
• Combining multiple conditions within the WHERE clause
• Operator precedence
• The DISTINCT clause

Sorting data

• The ORDER BY clause
• Sorting by multiple columns or expressions

SQL functions

• Differences between single-row and multi-row functions
• Text, numeric, and date functions
• Explicit and implicit data conversion
• Conversion functions
• Nested function usage
• Testing function performance using the dual table
• The SYSDATE function for retrieving the current date
• Managing NULL values

Aggregating data via grouping

• Aggregate functions
• How aggregate functions handle NULL values
• Creating data groups with the GROUP BY clause
• Grouping by multiple columns
• Filtering grouped results with the HAVING clause

Querying multiple tables

• Types of table connectors
• Using NATURAL JOIN
• Table aliases
• Joins defined in the WHERE clause
• INNER JOIN operations
• External merges: LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL OUTER JOIN
• The Cartesian product

Subqueries

• Embedding subqueries in SELECT statements
• Single-row and multi-row subqueries
• Operators for single-row subqueries
• Grouping within subqueries
• Operators for multi-row subqueries: IN, ALL, ANY
• Handling NULL values in subqueries

Set operators

• The UNION operator
• The UNION ALL operator
• The INTERSECT operator
• The MINUS operator

Data manipulation: Insert, update, and delete

• The INSERT command
• Copying data from other tables
• The UPDATE command
• The DELETE command
• The TRUNCATE command

Transactions

• Managing transactions with COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT

DDL commands

• Core database objects
• Naming conventions for objects
• Table creation
• Data types available for columns
• The DEFAULT option
• NULL and NOT NULL constraints

Table management

• Enforcing referential integrity: CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, and UNIQUE
• Creating tables from queries
• Dropping tables with DROP TABLE
• The DESCRIBE command

Additional schema objects

• Sequences
• Synonyms
• Views